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2023-08-24
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利用词义搭配关联猜词根据语义转折猜词 理解文章的基本结构。英语文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，主题句可能在一段的开头，也可能在中间或末尾，作用是交代该段的中心思想，再由全段展开或讨论这个意思。各个段落通常由某些起连接作用的词语连接，以使文章行文连贯。如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。 考试形式： 第二节：共5小题，每小题2分。在一段约240词的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项。 1．利用词义搭配关联猜词 任何一个单词在句子中总是与其他词相关联的，我们可以通过这些前后的关联来猜测生词的词义。 例题 I wish this medicine may really cure my backache. 【答案与解析】通过cure前面的“这种药”和后面的“我的背疼”，很容易地判断出 cure的词义为“治好”。 新概念英语mp3 新概念英语词汇量 新概念英语第一册课文 2．根据语义转折猜词 有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示意思转折的连词，副词或短语。如：though, although, still, but, yet, instead, instead of, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, unlike, rather than, for one thing, for another等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。 例题1 …Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can’t be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated. Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born. They learn their skills in their everyday lives. But which do they develop? How do they (and how can you) get others to follow? … The underlined word "cultivated" (paragraph 1) roughly means _______. A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developed 例题2 …However obvious these facts may appear at first glance, they are actually not so obvious as they seem except when we take special pains to think about the subject. … In Paragraph 3, “take special pains” probably means “_____”. A. try very hard B. take our time C. are very unhappy D. feel especially painful 【答案与解析】选A。由However从句当中的at first glance（乍一眼看上去），与下文中的take special pains进行对比，既然不是一眼就看出那么简单，那么自然要费力去想了。由此可以推断出A项为最佳选项。 3．利用经验和常识猜词 例题1 Young Hoover died. Over a thousand people attended his funeral. 【答案与解析】通过“年轻的Hoover去世了”，根据常识猜测出一千多人参加的应该是他的“葬礼”。 例题2 All the houses in the city collapsed during the strong earthquake. 【答案与解析】凭经验我们知道：强烈地震会使房子倒塌。据此很容易猜出collapsed是“倒塌”的意思了。 例题3 …“I was on the way to a personal-injury accident in West Nashville. As I got onto Highway 40, blue lights and sirens(警笛) going, I fell in behind a gold Pontiac Firebird that suddenly seemed to take off quickly down the highway. The driver somehow panicked at the sight of me. He was going more than a hundred miles an hour and began passing cars on the shoulder.” The meaning of “panicked” in Paragraph 2 is related to ___________ . A. shame B. hate C. anger D. fear 【答案与解析】根据本段内容描述，可以知道panicked 意思是“惊慌”，相当于fear。 最后提醒考生，掌握了一定的生词推测技巧后，也不要去“死抠”个别词，除了人名、地名等一些专有名词不必去细究每一处，那些一时难以断定其意思却又不妨碍理解或答题的生词，大可不必理会。 当然，做完题之后，可以查阅字典，一方面可以检测自己的推断是否正确，另外，可把一些单词、短语记在专门的本子上，以后经常积累并复习这些词汇（注：最好连同文章中的句子一起摘抄下来）。这样对今后的阅读将会有一定的帮助。因为考试没有很多时间去推测大量的单词，平时一定要尽可能地去积累并熟背大量的单词、短语，经典句子甚至文章。 
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